If you have ever taken vitamin supplements, you might have noticed bright yellow urine afterward. It's natural to wonder which vitamin or vitamins are responsible for it, whether you're losing your vitamin investment, and if it's a sign of something wrong. This post will explain why it happens, what it means, and whether it's a cause for concern. I will also cover the normal and abnormal colors of urine.

Urine Color

Urobilin, also called urochrome, gives urine its yellowish tint. It is made from the breakdown of hemoglobin. Other pigments from hemoglobin breakdown are also present. 

Urine colors can indicate health and hydration status. Here are some common colors and their meanings:

1. Pale Yellow: Urine that appears pale yellow is considered to be the most typical and healthy color. This color indicates that your body is well hydrated and efficiently flushing out waste products.

2. Dark Yellow or Amber: If your urine appears as a darker shade of yellow, it is usually an indication that you need to increase your water intake. This color often suggests that you are slightly dehydrated. Drinking more water can help bring back your urine to a healthier pale yellow color.

3. Orange: If you notice that your urine has turned orange, it could mean that you are dehydrated. However, it's also possible that certain medications, foods (like beets or carrots), or medical conditions such as liver or bile duct issues could be the cause. In case your urine is consistently orange and you think it's not because of something you ate, it's better to seek advice from a healthcare professional.

4. Pink or Red: Pink-colored or red urine can indicate the presence of blood in your urine, which may be caused by a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or a more severe condition. It can also occur after consuming certain foods such as beets, blackberries, or rhubarb. If your urine appears red and is not associated with your dietary choices, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

5. Brown: If you notice that your urine has turned dark brown, it may be due to dehydration, certain medications, or liver issues. However, it could also be an indication of rhabdomyolysis, which is a condition in which muscle tissue breaks down and discharges a protein into the bloodstream. In any case, it is essential to have a healthcare expert evaluate brown urine to determine the underlying cause.

6. Green or Blue: Urine can have a green or blue color, which is usually caused by the consumption of certain foods or medications. For instance, asparagus can make urine appear greenish, while medications containing methylene blue can turn it blue. Although such changes in color are generally harmless, it is important to consult a doctor if any unusual color persists. 1

It is important to understand that changes in urine color may not always indicate a health problem. However, suppose you observe frequent, significant, or inexplicable variations in urine color. In that case, it is recommended to seek advice from a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying health conditions and ensure your overall well-being.

Flavum

The Latin word flavus/flava/flavum describes yellow, golden, gold colored, flaxen, blonde, and golden-haired. Hence, when we hear Latin-based words like flavenoid, they appear yellow. 2 There is a specific compound with the chemical designation of C17H20N4O6 that is the culprit responsible for turning urine yellow. 3

Riboflavin

Riboflavin (C17H20N4O6), also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble member of the vitamin B complex. Individuals following a diet scarce in milk and meat, which are one of the best sources of riboflavin, may be prone to its deficiency. Grain products possess low natural amounts, but fortification practices ensure that certain breads and cereals have become sources of riboflavin. Fatty fish are also excellent sources of riboflavin, and certain fruits and vegetables, especially dark green vegetables, contain reasonably high concentrations. Vegetarians with access to a variety of fruits and vegetables can avoid deficiency, although intake may be lower than omnivores, and elderly vegetarians are at a higher risk. 4

Conclusion

Since dark-yellow urine is either due to dehydration of riboflavin if you have taken B2 but you have not exercised or sweated without proper water intake, you need not worry about your health. Additionally, just because you may be urinating out the B2 you just took, your body will absorb and use what it needs, so you don't have to fret over misspent money on B2 supplements. However, if you are eating meats, eggs, and dairy products, which are exceptionally high in B2, you don't need to supplement. Boiling foods destroys B2, so grill or steam your food for the best results. 5 Lastly, if you are unsure whether you have a problem due to abnormal urine color, it is best to consult with a physician.